Rate of return and standard deviation are two of the most useful statistical concepts in business. These two figures will tell you whether a business project is worth the investment and trouble, given ...

A SIMPLE graphical method of calculating standard deviations has been described by Dr. B. Woolf 1. It is sometimes useful, as a means of estimating short-term variations in a process or product, as ...

Microsoft Excel is a popular platform that consists of features, such as calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro programming language known as Visual Basic for Application (VBA). Users ...

Learn what active risk is and how to calculate it. Understand the methods to evaluate active risk in portfolios and explore examples of funds outperforming benchmarks.

Realized Volatility is a key financial metric that measures the historical price fluctuations of an asset, typically a stock, currency, or commodity, over a specific period. Unlike implied volatility, ...

Steven Nickolas is a writer and has 10+ years of experience working as a consultant to retail and institutional investors. Portfolio variance is a measure of the dispersion of returns of a portfolio.